Inschool suspension programs often fail due to lack of planning, inadequate financial support, insufficient monitoring procedures, inconsistent counseling and followup, and a poorly developed evaluation design. This article outlines 12 essential program elements and offers program design recommendations. (MLH)

Middle schools can be developmentally responsive and meet requirements for high-stakes accountability. School cultures must change. The hope for highly implemented, successful programs lies in the principal's facilitation of comprehensive restructuring with broad-based involvement in establishing new visions of teaching and learning and…

The authors review compensatory education programs, summarize studies of their effectiveness, and conclude that such programs can be effective--although they must be accompanied by increased opportunity in the society as a whole. (JM)