One can distinguish statistical models used in causal modeling from the causal interpretations that align them with substantive hypotheses. Causal modeling typically assumes an efficient causal interpretation of the statistical model. Causal modeling can also make use of mereological causal interpretations in which the state of the parts…

Introduces this special issue on multilevel models. The first two articles examine the application of multilevel modeling (MLM) in the evaluation of large-scale multi-site interventions. The next two articles focus on developmental and longitudinal data analysis, and the last two describe innovative applications of MLM. (SLD)

Describes the application of multilevel statistical models to the evaluation of a multi-site community-based intervention and explicates key issues in the design,analysis, and presentation of results. The initiative described, "Fighting Back, is designed to reduce the demand for illegal drugs and alcohol in a community. (SLD)