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Huang, Shufen; Willson, Victor; Eslami, Zohreh – Modern Language Journal, 2012
This meta-analytic study provides a systematic statistical synthesis of the effects of output tasks on second or foreign incidental vocabulary learning. A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Five mediator variables were examined: design quality, types of output task, time on task, genres of text, and text-target word ratios.…
Descriptors: Time on Task, Vocabulary Development, Incidental Learning, Statistical Analysis