This study investigates task-related variation in learner performance in a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environment. For our study, we collected data from 15 beginner and then intermediate second language (L2) learners of German who worked on 3 distinct activity types over 16 months: free composition, translation, and sentence…

Investigated the effect of first-language (L1) translations on males and females who are beginning French students emerged in a computer assisted language learning (CALL) lesson. Specifically, examined whether access to L1 translations affected performance differently on receptive vocabulary tests and whether there were differences in how much…

A study with 181 beginning-level college students of French investigated the effects of sentence-level native-language (L1) translations on retention of second-language (L2) vocabulary presented in a context designed to promote inference rather than word-to-word translation. Research was conducted to address the specific design of software for…