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What Are Confidence Judgments Made of? Students' Explanations for Their Confidence Ratings and What that Means for Calibration
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Dinsmore, Daniel L.; Parkinson, Meghan M. – Learning and Instruction, 2013
Although calibration has been widely studied, questions remain about how best to capture confidence ratings, how to calculate continuous variable calibration indices, and on what exactly students base their reported confidence ratings. Undergraduates in a research methods class completed a prior knowledge assessment, two sets of readings and…
Descriptors: Measurement, Undergraduate Students, Confidence Testing, Value Judgment
Beyond Ball-and-Stick: Students' Processing of Novel STEM Visualizations
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Hinze, Scott R.; Rapp, David N.; Williamson, Vickie M.; Shultz, Mary Jane; Deslongchamps, Ghislain; Williamson, Kenneth C. – Learning and Instruction, 2013
Students are frequently presented with novel visualizations introducing scientific concepts and processes normally unobservable to the naked eye. Despite being unfamiliar, students are expected to understand and employ the visualizations to solve problems. Domain experts exhibit more competency than novices when using complex visualizations, but…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Individual Differences, Novices, Organic Chemistry
Prior Knowledge, Reading Skill, and Text Cohesion in the Comprehension of Science Texts
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Ozuru, Yasuhiro; Dempsey, Kyle; McNamara, Danielle S. – Learning and Instruction, 2009
This study examined how text features (i.e., cohesion) and individual differences (i.e., reading skill and prior knowledge) contribute to biology text comprehension. College students with low and high levels of biology knowledge read two biology texts, one of which was high in cohesion and the other low in cohesion. The two groups were similar in…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Prior Learning, Biology, Reading Skills
The Effects of Realism in Learning with Dynamic Visualizations
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Scheiter, Katharina; Gerjets, Peter; Huk, Thomas; Imhof, Birgit; Kammerer, Yvonne – Learning and Instruction, 2009
Two experiments are reported that investigated the relative effectiveness of a realistic dynamic visualization as opposed to a schematic visualization for learning about cell replication (mitosis). In Experiment 1, 37 university students watched either realistic or schematic visualizations. Students' subjective task demands ratings as well as…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Prior Learning, Visual Aids, Visualization
The Effects of Cooperative Learning and Feedback on E-Learning in Statistics
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Krause, Ulrike-Marie; Stark, Robin; Mandl, Heinz – Learning and Instruction, 2009
This study examined whether cooperative learning and feedback facilitate situated, example-based e-learning in the field of statistics. The factors "social context" (individual vs. cooperative) and "feedback intervention" (available vs. not available) were varied; participants were 137 university students. Results showed that…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Intervention, Self Efficacy, Prior Learning
The Impact of Text Coherence on Learning by Self-Explanation
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Ainsworth, Shaaron; Burcham, Sarah – Learning and Instruction, 2007
Previous research has shown that encouraging learners to explain material to themselves as they study can increase their understanding. Furthermore, different types of material (e.g. text or diagrams) influence learners' self-explanation behaviour. This study explores whether the coherence of text impacts upon the self-explanation effect.…
Descriptors: Independent Reading, Reader Text Relationship, Reading Comprehension, Models