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Valente, Andre; Huang, Kuo-Hua; Portugues, Ruben; Engert, Florian – Learning & Memory, 2012
The performance of developing zebrafish in both classical and operant conditioning assays was tested with a particular focus on the emergence of these learning behaviors during development. Strategically positioned visual cues paired with electroshocks were used in two fully automated assays to investigate both learning paradigms. These allow the…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Learning, Animals
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Michel, Maximilian; Green, Charity L.; Lyons, Lisa C. – Learning & Memory, 2011
We investigated the involvement of PKA and PKC signaling in a negatively reinforced operant learning paradigm in "Aplysia", learning that food is inedible (LFI). In vivo injection of PKA or PKC inhibitors blocked long-term LFI memory formation. Moreover, a persistent phase of PKA activity, although not PKC activity, was necessary for long-term…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Food, Learning, Models