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Direct linkFoilb, Allison R.; Bals, Julia; Sarlitto, Mary C.; Christianson, John P. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Distinguishing safety from danger is necessary for survival, but is aberrant in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While PTSD is more prevalent in women than men, research on sex differences in safety learning is limited. Here, female rats demonstrated greater fear discrimination than males in a CS+/CS- paradigm. To determine…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Fear, Discrimination Learning
Ferrara, Nicole C.; Cullen, Patrick K.; Pullins, Shane P.; Rotondo, Elena K.; Helmstetter, Fred J. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Generalization of fear can involve abnormal responding to cues that signal safety and is common in people diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Differential auditory fear conditioning can be used as a tool to measure changes in fear discrimination and generalization. Most prior work in this area has focused on elevated amygdala activity…
Descriptors: Fear, Brain, Memory, Discrimination Learning
Winslow, James T.; Noble, Pamela L.; Davis, Michael – Learning & Memory, 2008
Individuals with anxiety disorders often do not respond to safety signals and hence continue to be afraid and anxious. Consequently, it is important to develop paradigms in animals that can directly study brain systems involved in learning about, and responding to, safety signals. We previously developed a discrimination procedure in rats of the…
Descriptors: Cues, Models, Safety, Discrimination Learning
Norrholm, Seth D.; Jovanovic, Tanja; Vervliet, Bram; Myers, Karyn M.; Davis, Michael; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Duncan, Erica J. – Learning & Memory, 2006
The purpose of this study was to analyze fear extinction and reinstatement in humans using fear-potentiated startle. Participants were fear conditioned using a simple discrimination procedure with colored lights as the conditioned stimuli (CSs) and an airblast to the throat as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Participants were extinguished 24 h…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Responses, Visual Stimuli
Myers, Karyn M.; Davis, Michael – Learning & Memory, 2004
The neural mechanisms of fear suppression most commonly are studied through the use of extinction, a behavioral procedure in which a feared stimulus (i.e., one previously paired with shock) is nonreinforced repeatedly, leading to a reduction or elimination of the fear response. Although extinction is perhaps the most convenient index of fear…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Stimuli, Models, Fear
Celerier, Aurelie; Pierard, Christophe; Rachbauer, Dagmar; Sarrieau, Alain; Beracochea, Daniel – Learning & Memory, 2004
The present study was aimed at simultaneously determining on the same subject, the effects of stress on retrieval of flexible (contextual or temporal) or stable (spatial) information. Three behavioral paradigms carried out in a four-hole board were designed as follows: (1) Simple Discrimination (SD), in which mice learned a single discrimination;…
Descriptors: Animals, Anxiety, Models, Discrimination Learning
