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Shanshan He; Anne-Marie Sénécal; Laura Stansfield; Ruslan Suvorov – Language Testing, 2025
Test preparation has garnered considerable attention in second language (L2) education due to the significant implications that successful performance on a language test may have for academic advancement, future career opportunities, and immigration prospects. Meanwhile, an overemphasis on test preparation has been criticized for encouraging the…
Descriptors: Literature Reviews, Second Language Learning, Language Tests, Study Habits
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Xueliang Chen; Vahid Aryadoust; Wenxin Zhang – Language Testing, 2025
The growing diversity among test takers in second or foreign language (L2) assessments makes the importance of fairness front and center. This systematic review aimed to examine how fairness in L2 assessments was evaluated through differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. A total of 83 articles from 27 journals were included in a systematic…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Tests, Test Items, Item Analysis
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Aryadoust, Vahid; Luo, Lan – Language Testing, 2023
This study reviewed conceptualizations and operationalizations of second language (L2) listening constructs. A total of 157 peer-reviewed papers published in 19 journals in applied linguistics were coded for (1) publication year, author, source title, location, language, and reliability and (2) listening subskills, cognitive processes, attributes,…
Descriptors: Test Format, Listening Comprehension Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Ihlenfeldt, Samuel Dale; Rios, Joseph A. – Language Testing, 2023
For institutions where English is the primary language of instruction, English assessments for admissions such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) give admissions decision-makers a sense of a student's skills in academic English. Despite this explicit purpose, these exams…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Test Validity, College Admission, Second Language Learning
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In'nami, Yo; Koizumi, Rie – Language Testing, 2016
We addressed Deville and Chalhoub-Deville's (2006), Schoonen's (2012), and Xi and Mollaun's (2006) call for research into the contextual features that are considered related to person-by-task interactions in the framework of generalizability theory in two ways. First, we quantitatively synthesized the generalizability studies to determine the…
Descriptors: Evaluators, Second Language Learning, Writing Skills, Oral Language
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Yan, Xun; Maeda, Yukiko; Lv, Jing; Ginther, April – Language Testing, 2016
Elicited imitation (EI) has been widely used to examine second language (L2) proficiency and development and was an especially popular method in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, as the field embraced more communicative approaches to both instruction and assessment, the use of EI diminished, and the construct-related validity of EI scores as a…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Meta Analysis, Effect Size
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Matsuno, Sumie – Language Testing, 2009
Multifaceted Rasch measurement was used in the present study with 91 student and 4 teacher raters to investigate how self- and peer-assessments work in comparison with teacher assessments in actual university writing classes. The results indicated that many self-raters assessed their own writing lower than predicted. This was particularly true for…
Descriptors: Writing (Composition), Self Evaluation (Individuals), Student Evaluation, English (Second Language)
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Brown, James Dean – Language Testing, 1990
Presents simplified methods for deriving estimates of the consistency of criterion-referenced, English-as-a-Second-Language tests, including (1) the threshold loss agreement approach using agreement or kappa coefficients, (2) the squared-error loss agreement approach using the phi(lambda) dependability approach, and (3) the domain score…
Descriptors: Criterion Referenced Tests, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning
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Rea-Dickins, Pauline – Language Testing, 2000
Introduces articles that follow discussing research in progress on assessing foreign language learners at the elementary school levels. The articles describe contexts in Austria, Norway, and Italy. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Evaluation Methods, Foreign Countries, Language Teachers
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Upshur, John A.; Turner, Carolyn E. – Language Testing, 1999
Research on two approaches to assessment of second-language performance--second-language acquisition and language testing--is examined and compared with regard to systematic effects on language tests. Findings incidental to a test development project are then presented. It is concluded that a full account of performance testing requires a paradigm…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, Language Tests, Performance Tests, Second Language Learning
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Seaton, Ian – Language Testing, 1987
Suggests that language testing should be more performance-based and realigned with a current and richer understanding of the language teaching and learning processes. This kind of testing has questionable validity until a wide range of variables are successfully defined and delimited. (CB)
Descriptors: English for Academic Purposes, Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Performance Tests
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Bachman, Lyle F. – Language Testing, 2000
Reviews developments in language testing research and practice over the last 20 years, and suggests future directions in the areas of professionalizing the field and validation research. Argues that concerns for ethical conduct must be grounded in valid test use, so that professionalization and validation research are inseparable. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Ethics, Language Research, Language Tests, Second Language Instruction
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Stansfield, Charles W.; Ross, Jacqueline – Language Testing, 1988
Outlines research necessary for determining the validity and reliability of Test of Written English, an essay test that directly measures writing ability and complements Test of English-as-a-Foreign-Language's (TOEFL) indirect assessment of writing skills. Research should cover such aspects as construct, criterion-related, concurrent, content, and…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Essay Tests, Language Research, Language Tests
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Adams, Raymond J.; And Others – Language Testing, 1987
Classical test theory and correlational techniques such as factor analysis have been unable to deal with many language tests' measurement problems. The Partial Credit Model, a latent trait model for the analysis of data scored in ordered categories, is used to construct and analyze an oral interview test of English as a Second Language. (28…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Interviews, Language Proficiency, Language Tests
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Bailey, Kathleen M. – Language Testing, 1996
Presents a literature review seeking to answer four questions: (1) What is washback? (2) How does washback work? (3) How can we promote positive washback? and (4) How can we investigate washback? A model is proposed that identifies participants, processes and products which may influence or be influenced by, washback. Strategies for investigating…
Descriptors: Change Strategies, Construct Validity, Educational Philosophy, Language Proficiency