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Language Teaching Research

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To What Extent Are Foreign Language Anxiety and Foreign Language Enjoyment Related to L2 Fluency? An Investigation of Task-Specific Emotions and Breakdown and Speed Fluency in an Oral Task

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Jakub Bielak – Language Teaching Research, 2025

The relationship between foreign language anxiety (FLA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) experienced during a creative collaborative oral English-as-a-foreign-language task, and the relationships between FLE/FLA and task speech fluency were investigated. The task was performed by mid-intermediate/high-intermediate English learners (N = 43) in…

Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Oral Language, Language Fluency

Can Willingness to Communicate, Communication in English Anxiety, Behavioural Inhibition and Behavioural Action Predict Perceived L2 Fluency?

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Reza Zabihi; Shiva Ghominejad; Mohammad Javad Ahmadian – Language Teaching Research, 2024

This study aimed to investigate whether and how willingness to communicate, communication in English anxiety, behavioural inhibition and action predict perceived second language (L2) fluency. The study also looked at whether L2 proficiency moderates the strength of relationships between these affective factors and L2 perceived fluency. One hundred…

Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Undergraduate Students, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning

Investigating the Contribution of L1 Fluency, L2 Initial Fluency, Working Memory and Phonological Memory to L2 Fluency Development

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Nancy Gagné; Leif M. French; Kirsten M. Hummel – Language Teaching Research, 2025

Within the same learning context, learners' outcomes in terms of oral fluency vary greatly. This study tracked the relative contributions that first language (L1) and initial second language (L2) fluency skill and working memory (WM) made to L2 fluency development. We assessed the performance of French-speaking Grade 6 learners' (n = 47, mean age:…

Descriptors: Language Fluency, Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning