Examines "linguistic normalization" (of Catalan in the Catalonia region of Spain) from a game-theory perspective, in which strategic interaction determines language shift. The linguistic assimilation of non-Catalan-speaking immigrants is less of a problem than is currently believed, although the conflict of interest among the…

A solution to the employment problem in remote areas of Canada, where natives speak only indigenous dialects, is discussed as it relates to Inuktitut. Distributed Language Translation would permit remote employment with dialect data transmitted over distances and translated into the standard indigenous language and the country's official…

In the Ivory Coast, the official standard French has not been established as the language of the masses and is threatened by Dyula and a Popular French, two lingua francas that have potential as national languages even though the populations do not seem supportive of new language policy. (Author/MSE)