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Tavakoli, Parvaneh; Uchihara, Takumi – Language Learning, 2020
This study examined the relationship between oral fluency and use of multiword sequences (MWSs) across four proficiency levels (Low B1 to C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference). Data came from 56 learners taking the speaking test of the Test of English for Educational Purposes, and our analysis obtained different measures of fluency…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Fluency, Language Proficiency, Correlation
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de Groot, Annette M. B.; Poot, Rik – Language Learning, 1997
Orthogonally manipulated three word characteristics in Dutch and English--word imageability; word frequency; and cognate status--and obtained similar data patterns for three groups of bilinguals different from one another in second-language fluency. Findings indicate that "concept mediation" is a universal process in translating words…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Concept Formation, Dutch, English