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Direct linkSparks, Richard; Patton, Jon; Ganschow, Leonore; Humbach, Nancy – Language Learning, 2009
This study investigated the relationship of first language (L1) skills in elementary school and second language (L2) learning in high school. Students classified as high-, average-, and low-proficiency L2 learners were compared on L1 achievement measures of reading, spelling, vocabulary, phonological awareness, and listening comprehension…
Descriptors: Listening Comprehension, Spelling, Phonological Awareness, Decoding (Reading)
