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Anxiety and Second Language Learning: Toward a Theoretical Clarification.
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MacIntyre, P. D.; Gardner, R. C. – Language Learning, 1989
Literature on foreign language anxiety shows a considerable amount of ambiguity arising from conflicting results of past studies. An attempt is made to show that these difficulties can be resolved given an awareness of the theoretical perspective from which this research has developed. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Anxiety, Communication Apprehension, Factor Analysis, Higher Education
The Validation of Three Scales Measuring Anxiety at Different States of the Foreign Language Learning Process: The Input Anxiety Scale, the Processing Anxiety Scale, and the Output Anxiety Scale.
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Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Bailey, Phillip; Daley, Christine E. – Language Learning, 2000
Examines the psychometric properties of the Input Anxiety Scale, the Processing Anxiety Scale, and the Output Anxiety Scale, which measure anxiety at the input, processing, and output stages of the foreign language learning process. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: College Students, Communication Apprehension, Higher Education, Language Processing
Language Anxiety: Its Relationship to Other Anxieties and to Processing in Native and Second Languages.
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MacIntyre, Peter D.; Gardner, R. C. – Language Learning, 1991
Factor analysis of 23 scales assessing language and other forms of anxiety identified three separate factors of social evaluation, state, and language anxiety and found some correlations between scores based on those factors and measures of memory and vocabulary production in both native and second language. (46 references) (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Anxiety, College Students, Communication Apprehension, Factor Analysis
Language Anxiety: Differentiating Writing and Speaking Components.
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Cheng, Yuh-show; Horwitz, Elaine K.; Schallert, Diane L. – Language Learning, 1999
Investigated the links between second-language classroom anxiety and second-language writing anxiety, as well a their associations with second-language speaking and writing achievement. Findings suggest that second-language classroom anxiety is a more general type of anxiety about learning a second language with a strong speaking-anxiety element,…
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Communication Apprehension, Language Proficiency, Language Skills
Affective Variables and a Less Commonly Taught Language: A Study in Beginning Classes.
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Samimy, Keiko Komiya; Tabuse, Motoko – Language Learning, 1992
Study results indicate that motivation and attitudinal factors are critical in predicting students' success in beginning Japanese. Classroom personality factors such as risk taking and discomfort were also found to be determinants of the students' final grades. (27 references) (Author/LB)
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Classroom Environment, Communication Apprehension, Japanese
Sex and Age Effects on Willingness To Communicate, Anxiety, Perceived Competence, and L2 Motivation among Junior High School French Immersion Students.
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MacIntyre, Peter D.; Baker, Susan C.; Clement, Richard; Donovan, Leslie A. – Language Learning, 2002
This cross-sectional investigation focused on second language (L2) communication among students in a junior high French late immersion program. Effects of language, sex, and grade on willingness to communicate, anxiety, and perceived communication competence, on frequency of communication in French, and on attitudes and motivation variables were…
Descriptors: Communication Apprehension, Communicative Competence (Languages), Cross Sectional Studies, French
Sex and Age Effects on Willingness To Communicate, Anxiety, Perceived Competence, and L2 Motivation Among Junior High School French Immersion Students.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
MacIntyre, Peter D.; Baker, Susan C.; Clement, Richard; Donovan, Leslie A. – Language Learning, 2003
Reports a cross-sectional study of second language communication among students in a junior high French late immersion program. Effects of language, sex, and grade on willingness to communicate (WTC), anxiety, perceived communication competence, and frequency of communication in French and on attitude/motivation variables are examined globally and…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Communication Apprehension, Communicative Competence (Languages), Cross Sectional Studies