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Papi, Mostafa; Khajavy, Gholam Hassan – Language Learning, 2021
We tested a theoretical model that integrated regulatory focus, second language (L2) self-guides, anxiety and enjoyment, eager and vigilant L2 use, and L2 achievement. We collected data from 324 students learning English as a foreign language. Structural equation modeling results showed that (a) the promotion focus positively predicted ideal…
Descriptors: Student Motivation, Second Language Learning, Academic Achievement, English (Second Language)

Banerjee, Janet; Carrell, Patricia L. – Language Learning, 1988
An English discourse completion questionnaire consisting of 60 situations designed to elicit suggestions in English was administered to 28 native speakers of Chinese or Malay and to 12 native speakers of American English. Non-native speakers of English were more direct in their responses. Native and non-native speakers significantly differed in…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Higher Education