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Katalin Piniel; Ágnes Albert – Language Learning, 2025
This study investigated changes in motivation, self-efficacy beliefs, and a range of emotions, including enjoyment, hope, pride, curiosity, anxiety, boredom, apathy, confusion, and shame, from a complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) perspective over a 2-year period in the Hungarian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Using the same…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Learning Motivation