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Green, Georgia M. – Language, 1976
A number of syntactic constructions claimed by linguists to be restricted to main clauses are shown to occur in a variety of subordinate clause types. It is shown that an adequate solution will involve a complex interaction of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors. (Author/RM)
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Linguistic Theory, Sentence Structure, Surface Structure

Kazazis, Kostas; Pentheroudakis, Joseph – Language, 1976
Attempts to show that the reduplication of indefinite direct objects is not necessarily ungrammatical but that there are two kinds of indefinite direct objects, specified and non-specified. The former may undergo reduplication, the latter may not. (Author/RM)
Descriptors: Albanian, Descriptive Linguistics, Greek, Linguistic Theory

Wasow, Thomas – Language, 1975
Deals with certain problems inherent in deriving anaphoric pronouns from bound variables. Syntactic rules applied to determine anaphora relations cannot be applied if anaphoric pronouns and their antecedents have identical underlying forms. An approach to anaphora which preserves some advantages of the bound-variable theory without the problems is…
Descriptors: Generative Grammar, Linguistic Theory, Nouns, Phrase Structure

Babby, L. H.; Brecht, R. D. – Language, 1975
Two passive forms of verbs are discussed. One is related to its active counterpart transformationally and the other lexically. Voice is defined as the relationship between a verb's subcategorization feature and the surface form of the sentence it occurs in. (SC)
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, Morphemes, Morphology (Languages)

Cattell, Ray – Language, 1978
An analysis of the derivation of "why" and other interrogative adverbs shows that they do not involve the movement of NP's, and therefore do not present counter-examples to the NP Ecology Constraint. (Author/HP)
Descriptors: Adverbs, Generative Grammar, Linguistic Theory, Morphology (Languages)

Prince, Ellen F. – Language, 1976
Shows that evidence exists for a rule of neg-raising in French. Neg-raising and its domain are then reconsidered from a functional perspective, whereby the transformation is shown to be hedging device. (Author/RM)
Descriptors: Descriptive Linguistics, French, Linguistic Theory, Negative Forms (Language)

Fauconnier, Gilles – Language, 1973
Shorter version of this paper read at the First California Linguistics Conference, Berkeley, May 1971. (VM)
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, French, Grammar

Langacker, Ronald W. – Language, 1995
An account of the phenomena that transformational syntax handled by means of "raising" is formulated in the context of cognitive grammar. Raising is analyzed as a special case of the metonymy that relational expressions exhibit in regard to their choice of overtly coded arguments. The transparency of these constructions is explained. (83…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Linguistic Theory, Phrase Structure, Semantics

Napoli, Donna Jo – Language, 1975
Problems of number inconsistency are discussed which arise in Italian when singular distributive quantifiers float rightward off of subjects, leaving these subjects plural. (Author/RM)
Descriptors: Adjectives, Deep Structure, Italian, Linguistic Theory

Langacker, Ronald W. – Language, 1974
This paper offers a functional explanation for the existence and for the special properties of movement rules in natural languages. The hypothesis is advanced that raising, lowering, and fronting rules all serve the function of increasing the prominence of objective content in surface structure. (CK)
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Generative Grammar, Language Patterns, Linguistic Theory

Freidin, Robert – Language, 1975
The assumption that the active/passive relation is structural in nature and therefore best expressed by a transformation is debated. The relation can be captured in the lexicon without a passive transformation. An interpretive rule is proposed to handle the problem. Passives are shown as generated by phrase structure rules. (SC)
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Generative Grammar, Linguistic Theory, Nouns

Carlson, Greg N. – Language, 1977
It is argued here that English contains a distinct class of relative clauses called amount relatives. On the surface, these are much like restrictive relative clauses, but they have a syntax and semantics that align them more with comparatives than with restrictive relatives. (Author/KM)
Descriptors: English, Language Patterns, Linguistic Theory, Nouns

Anderson, Stephen R. – Language, 1972
Work supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to Harvard University and by the Language Research Foundation. Considers the properties and use of the word even'' in English. (VM)
Descriptors: Adverbs, Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, English

Bresnan, Joan W. – Language, 1972
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, English, Intonation

Chafe, Wallace L. – Language, 1971
Supports the theory that phonic units cannot be delimited without reference to conceptual units, and that there must be a mutual dependence of sound and meaning in language. (DS)
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Diagrams, Grammar, Language Patterns
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