In this article, Kim Marshall writes that as she has worked with numerous principals and faculties over her career, she is disheartened to see administrators spending most of their contact time with teachers on cumbersome bureaucratic processes. She believes the result of this is that teachers begin to shift to a defensive mode--worrying…

Teacher beliefs have a profound impact on instructional practice. According to Pajares (1992), beliefs determine how much effort a teacher puts forth and how long he or she will persist in the face of adversity. Many beliefs can be traced back to experiences teachers had when they were in school. Those early recollections of school events tend to…