Educational robotics (ER) has the potential to be a novel approach to teaching geohazards such as earthquakes at the college level. ER, which provides learners with problem-solving settings, requires proficiency in content knowledge and practical application to address ill-defined problems, challenging learners to master problem-solving…

Educational robotics (ER) is an innovative learning tool that offers students opportunities to develop higher-order thinking skills. This study investigates the development of students' metacognitive (MC) and problem-solving (PS) skills in the context of ER activities, implementing different modes of guidance in two student groups (11-12 years…