ERIC Number: EJ1387551
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2023
Pages: 33
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-1934-5747
EISSN: EISSN-1934-5739
Available Date: N/A
Using Robust Standard Errors for the Analysis of Binary Outcomes with a Small Number of Clusters
Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, v16 n2 p213-245 2023
Binary outcomes are often analyzed in cluster randomized trials (CRTs) using logistic regression and cluster robust standard errors (CRSEs) are routinely used to account for the dependent nature of nested data in such models. However, CRSEs can be problematic when the number of clusters is low (e.g., < 50) and, with CRTs, a low number of clusters is quite common. We investigate the use of the CR2 CRSE and an empirical degrees of freedom adjustment (dof[subscript BM]) proposed by Bell and McCaffrey with a simulation using binary outcomes and illustrate its use with an applied example. Findings show that the CR2 (w/dof[subscript BM]) standard errors are relatively unbiased with coverage and power rates for group-level predictors that are comparable to that of a multilevel logistic regression model and can be used even with as few as 10 clusters. To promote its use, a free graphical SPSS extension is provided that can fit logistic (and linear) regression models with a variety of CRSEs and dof adjustments.
Descriptors: Robustness (Statistics), Error of Measurement, Regression (Statistics), Multivariate Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Prediction
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
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