This paper provides a qualitative account of Vietnamese language maintenance in Manchester. Through ethnographic observations of distinctly Vietnamese locations, Vietnamese language practices are shown to create spaces in which Vietnamese is the dominant language, and in which Vietnamese norms and expectations, or scales, are able to influence and…

Researchers have attempted to address the intersection of multisensory and multimodal discourse practices from an interactional perspective. This study argues for the value of experiential, non-interactional multisensory discourse resources and proposes a conceptual framework of "multisensory discourse resources" to bridge visual and…

Describes a developmental project in Maori, designed to investigate the feasibility and reliability of teacher-based assessment of the oral component of a national examination of Maori language in New Zealand. Particular focus is on the development of a culturally appropriate assessment style that respects Maori traditions of knowledge, learning,…