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Direct linkAlastair Henry; Cecilia Thorsen; Peter D. MacIntyre – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices vary between individuals and affect TL development. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these variations. So…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Context Effect, Intercultural Communication, Adult Education
Fleming, Douglas – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2015
This article explores the links between citizenship and race in second-language education through an examination of the ways in which citizenship is linked to English language proficiency within a key Canadian federal adult English as a Second Language assessment document, the "Canadian Language Benchmarks" ("CLB"). It uses…
Descriptors: Citizenship, Second Language Learning, Race, Social Behavior
