Analyses were conducted with second graders, drawn from an ongoing multi-cohort randomized controlled trial (RCT), who had been identified for RCT entry based on comorbid reading comprehension and word-problem solving difficulty. To estimate pandemic learning loss, we contrasted fall performance for 3 cohorts: fall of 2019 (pre-pandemic; n = 47),…

Two questions were investigated. First, are children with reading problems in first grade more likely to experience behavior problems in third grade? Second, are children with behavior problems in first grade more likely to experience reading problems in third grade? The authors explored both questions by using multilevel logistic regression…

This study examined the characteristics of 280 adults who came to an inner-city adult literacy program. Participants were characterized by a wide range of cognitive, academic, and social difficulties; the extent of these difficulties increased dramatically as literacy level declined. Results support the need for comprehensive educational, social,…