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Gerber, Michael M.; Hall, Robert J. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1987
The article explores information processing models of spelling performance and argues that an adequate theory of spelling processes must include: (1) qualitative changes in performance as a function of maturation that underlie development of automaticity; (2) transactional development of spelling-related knowledge structures and efficient…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, Encoding (Psychology)

Pellegrino, James W.; Goldman, Susan R. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1987
An overview is presented of information processing analyses of knowledge and performance in three areas of the elementary mathematics curriculum: basic addition and subtraction facts, complex procedures such as multicolumn subtraction, and the solution of word problems. Theories of the knowledge associated with "expert" performance are discussed.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Addition, Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education