ERIC Number: EJ1374266
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2022-Jul
Pages: 17
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0278-7393
EISSN: EISSN-1939-1285
Available Date: N/A
The Role of Meaning in Visual Working Memory: Real-World Objects, but Not Simple Features, Benefit from Deeper Processing
Brady, Timothy F.; Störmer, Viola S.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, v48 n7 p942-958 Jul 2022
Visual working memory is a capacity-limited cognitive system used to actively store and manipulate visual information. Visual working memory capacity is not fixed, but varies by stimulus type: Stimuli that are more meaningful are better remembered. In the current work, we investigate what conditions lead to the strongest benefits for meaningful stimuli. We propose that in some situations participants may try to encode the entire display holistically (i.e., in a quick "snapshot"). This may lead them to treat objects as simply meaningless, colored "blobs", rather than individually and in a high-level way, which could reduce benefits of meaningful stimuli. In a series of experiments, we directly test whether real-world objects, colors, perceptually matched less-meaningful objects, and fully scrambled objects benefit from deeper processing. We systematically vary the presentation format of stimuli at encoding to be either simultaneous--encouraging a parallel, "take-a-quick-snapshot" strategy--or present the stimuli sequentially, promoting a serial, each-item-at-once strategy. We find large advantages for meaningful objects in all conditions, but find that real-world objects--and to a lesser degree lightly scrambled, still meaningful versions of the objects--benefit from the sequential encoding and thus deeper, focused-on-individual-items processing, while colors do not. Our results suggest single-feature objects may be an outlier in their affordance of parallel, quick processing, and that in more realistic memory situations, visual working memory likely relies upon representations resulting from in-depth processing of objects (e.g., in higher-level visual areas) rather than solely being represented in terms of their low-level features.
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: National Science Foundation (NSF)
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: California (San Diego)
Grant or Contract Numbers: BCS1829434
Author Affiliations: N/A