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Do the Effects of Working Memory Training Depend on Baseline Ability Level?
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Foster, Jeffrey L.; Harrison, Tyler L.; Hicks, Kenny L.; Draheim, Christopher; Redick, Thomas S.; Engle, Randall W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
There is a debate about the ability to improve cognitive abilities such as fluid intelligence through training on tasks of working memory capacity. The question addressed in the research presented here is who benefits the most from training: people with low cognitive ability or people with high cognitive ability? Subjects with high and low working…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Ability, Intelligence, Training
Declines in Representational Quality and Strategic Retrieval Processes Contribute to Age-Related Increases in False Recognition
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Trelle, Alexandra N.; Henson, Richard N.; Green, Deborah A. E.; Simons, Jon S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In a Yes/No object recognition memory test with similar lures, older adults typically exhibit elevated rates of false recognition. However, the contributions of impaired retrieval, relative to reduced availability of target details, are difficult to disentangle using such a test. The present investigation sought to decouple these factors by…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Recognition (Psychology), Cognitive Processes, Older Adults
Daydreaming Style Moderates the Relation between Working Memory and Mind Wandering: Integrating Two Hypotheses
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Marcusson-Clavertz, David; Cardeña, Etzel; Terhune, Devin Blair – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Mind wandering--mentation unrelated to one's current activity and surroundings--is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but seemingly competing ideas have been proposed regarding its relation to executive cognitive processes. The control-failure hypothesis postulates that executive processes prevent mind wandering, whereas the global availability hypothesis…
Descriptors: Imagination, Fantasy, Cognitive Style, Short Term Memory
Evidence for Two Attentional Components in Visual Working Memory
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Allen, Richard J.; Baddeley, Alan D.; Hitch, Graham J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
How does executive attentional control contribute to memory for sequences of visual objects, and what does this reveal about storage and processing in working memory? Three experiments examined the impact of a concurrent executive load (backward counting) on memory for sequences of individually presented visual objects. Experiments 1 and 2 found…
Descriptors: Attention, Executive Function, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking
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Oppezzo, Marily; Schwartz, Daniel L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Four experiments demonstrate that walking boosts creative ideation in real time and shortly after. In Experiment 1, while seated and then when walking on a treadmill, adults completed Guilford's alternate uses (GAU) test of creative divergent thinking and the compound remote associates (CRA) test of convergent thinking. Walking increased 81% of…
Descriptors: Creative Thinking, Experimental Psychology, Physical Activities, Motion
Cognitive Advantages and Disadvantages in Early and Late Bilinguals
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Pelham, Sabra D.; Abrams, Lise – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Previous research has documented advantages and disadvantages of early bilinguals, defined as learning a 2nd language by school age and using both languages since that time. Relative to monolinguals, early bilinguals manifest deficits in lexical access but benefits in executive function. We investigated whether becoming bilingual "after"…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Bilingualism, Age Differences, Monolingualism