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Cowan, Nelson; Saults, J. Scott; Brown, Gordon D.A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2004
The modality effect in immediate recall refers to superior recall of the last few items within lists presented in spoken as opposed to printed form. The locus of this well-known effect has been unclear. N. Cowan, J. S. Saults, E. M. Elliott, and M. Moreno (2002) introduced a new method to distinguish between the effects of input serial position,…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology), Cognitive Processes, Psychological Studies
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Tremblay, Sebastien; Parmentier, Fabrice B. R.; Guerard, Katherine; Nicholls, Alastair P.; Jones, Dylan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
In 2 experiments, the authors tested whether the classical modality effect--that is, the stronger recency effect for auditory items relative to visual items--can be extended to the spatial domain. An order reconstruction task was undertaken with four types of material: visual-spatial, auditory-spatial, visual-verbal, and auditory-verbal.…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Short Term Memory, Learning Modalities, Experimental Psychology