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Hutchison, Keith A.; Moffitt, Chad C.; Hart, Katie; Hood, Audrey V. B.; Watson, Jason M.; Marchak, Frank M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
We investigated participants' task set preparation by measuring changes in pupil diameter during a blank interval as they prepared for an easy (i.e., prosaccade) or difficult (i.e., antisaccade) trial. We used occasional thought probes to gauge "on-task" thoughts versus mind wandering. In both studies, participants' pupil diameters were…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Task Analysis, Attention Control, Executive Function
Bradford, Elisabeth E. F.; Brunsdon, Victoria E. A.; Ferguson, Heather J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Perspective-taking plays an important role in daily life, allowing consideration of other people's perspectives and viewpoints. This study used a large sample of 265 community-based participants (aged 20-86 years) to examine changes in perspective-taking abilities--a component of "Theory of Mind"--across adulthood, and how these changes…
Descriptors: Perspective Taking, Eye Movements, Error Patterns, Older Adults
Tierney, Adam; Rosen, Stuart; Dick, Fred – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Speech is more difficult to understand when it is presented concurrently with a distractor speech stream. One source of this difficulty is that competing speech can act as an attentional lure, requiring listeners to exert attentional control to ensure that attention does not drift away from the target. Stronger attentional control may enable…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Ability, Individual Differences, Speech Communication, Attention Control
Saryazdi, Raheleh; Chambers, Craig G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
One core question in studies of language processing is the extent to which interlocutors engage in real-time communicative perspective-taking. Current evidence suggests that both children and young adult listeners are able to draw on common ground (shared knowledge) to guide referential interpretation. However, less is known about older listeners,…
Descriptors: Perspective Taking, Older Adults, Young Adults, Language Processing
Spinelli, Giacomo; Goldsmith, Samantha F.; Lupker, Stephen J.; Morton, J. Bruce – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
According to some accounts, the bilingual advantage is most pronounced in the domain of executive attention rather than inhibition and should therefore be more easily detected in conflict adaptation paradigms than in simple interference paradigms. We tested this idea using two conflict adaptation paradigms, one that elicits a list-wide…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Executive Function, Attention Control, Interference (Language)
Anderson, Rachel J.; Dewhurst, Stephen A.; Nash, Robert A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Recent literature has argued that whereas remembering the past and imagining the future make use of shared cognitive substrates, simulating future events places heavier demands on executive resources. These propositions were explored in 3 experiments comparing the impact of imagery and concurrent task demands on speed and accuracy of past event…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Futures (of Society), Imagery, Task Analysis
Scullin, Michael K.; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Prospective memory (PM) research typically examines the ability to remember to execute delayed intentions but often ignores the ability to forget finished intentions. We had participants perform (or not perform; control group) a PM task and then instructed them that the PM task was finished. We later (re)presented the PM cue. Approximately 25% of…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Executive Function, Experimental Psychology
Rubio-Fernandez, Paula; Glucksberg, Sam – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Bilingualism can have widespread cognitive effects. In this article we investigate whether bilingualism might have an effect on adults' abilities to reason about other people's beliefs. In particular, we tested whether bilingual adults might have an advantage over monolingual adults in false-belief reasoning analogous to the advantage that has…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Monolingualism, Bilingualism, Adults
Woumans, Evy; Ceuleers, Evy; Van der Linden, Lize; Szmalec, Arnaud; Duyck, Wouter – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
The present study explored the relation between language control and nonverbal cognitive control in different bilingual populations. We compared monolinguals, Dutch-French unbalanced bilinguals, balanced bilinguals, and interpreters on the Simon task (Simon & Rudell, 1967) and the Attention Network Test (ANT; Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz,…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Verbal Ability, Nonverbal Ability, Cognitive Processes
Pelham, Sabra D.; Abrams, Lise – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Previous research has documented advantages and disadvantages of early bilinguals, defined as learning a 2nd language by school age and using both languages since that time. Relative to monolinguals, early bilinguals manifest deficits in lexical access but benefits in executive function. We investigated whether becoming bilingual "after"…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Bilingualism, Age Differences, Monolingualism