The contention of this paper is that the obtained difference in a study by DuCette and Wolk, which indicated that giving options in an essay examination produces poorer test performance, was an artifact of the scoring procedures. (Author/RK)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the contribution of factors such as: (1) high school science background; (2) interest in geology; (3) teacher characteristics; and (4) geology course background to performance on a measure of geology achievement. (Author)

Attempts to develop a methodology for assessing variations in social motives utilizing sets of alternative outcomes to self and others that would be both important and relevant to students enrolled in a class, and to use both the methodology and findings for the didactic purpose of illustrating the variety and importance of various social…

The general class of continuous growth models are described and examples representative of growth models suggested for various types of academic and/or physical growth are given. The fan spread hypothesis is discussed in relationship to natural growth models, as well as differential linear growth. (PN)