Thus far, it is unclear how students can learn most effectively from their own errors. In this study, reflections on the rationale behind self-made errors are assumed to enhance knowledge acquisition. In a field experiment with pre/post/follow-up design, the authors practiced fractions with 174 seventh- and eighth-grade students who were randomly…

In 3 experiments, undergraduates used their own best method (control) or an "imposed" face-name mnemonic strategy to associate 18 caricatured faces, names, and additional facts. On all immediate tests (prompted by the faces), and on the delayed tests of Experiments 2a and 2b combined, mnemonic students statistically outperformed control students…

The question to be answered in the study was: Are there significant differences in learning when students are presented organizers before the learning passages (pre-organizers), after the learning passages (post-organizers), or when they are presented only the learning passages (no-organizers)? (Author)

Study was concerned only with the impact of tutoring on the tutor's learning and attempted to determine whether tutors cognitively restructure the material in anticipation of teaching it to someone else. (Author/RK)