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Stapleton, Laura M.; Yang, Ji Seung; Hancock, Gregory R. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2016
We present types of constructs, individual- and cluster-level, and their confirmatory factor analytic validation models when data are from individuals nested within clusters. When a construct is theoretically individual level, spurious construct-irrelevant dependency in the data may appear to signal cluster-level dependency; in such cases,…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Factor Analysis, Validity, Models