Presented are: the specific causal relationships between skills assessed on the various subscales of the tests employed; the value of the cross-lagged panel correlation technique in causal analysis; and, an extensive methodological examination and qualification of this analytic model. (Authors/MB)

Controversy, an aspect of small-group interactions, was investigated in 10 mixed-ability, mixed-sex, elementary math groups through analysis of dissension episodes. Results showed that boys and higher-ability students had significantly more prevailing answers and demonstrations. (Author/LMO)