Written answers to open-ended questions can have a higher long-term effect on learning than multiple-choice questions. However, it is critical that teachers immediately review the answers, and ask to redo those that are incoherent. This can be a difficult task and can be time-consuming for teachers. A possible solution is to automate the detection…

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has significant potential for educational innovation, although its impact on students' learning outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the impact of GenAI on the learning outcomes of K-12 and higher education students, and explore the moderating factors influencing this impact. A…