Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) refers to systems that make AI models more transparent, helping users understand how outputs are generated. XAI algorithms are considered valuable in educational research, supporting outcomes like student success, trust, and motivation. Their potential to enhance transparency and reliability in online…

There is a dearth of knowledge on how persuasiveness of influence strategies affects students' behaviours when using online educational systems. Persuasiveness is a term used in describing a system's capability to motivate desired behaviour. Most existing approaches for assessing the persuasiveness of a system are based on subjective measures…

Student modeling is one of the most important processes in adaptive systems. Although learning is individual, a model can be created based on patterns in student behavior. Since a student model can be created for more than one student, the use of machine learning techniques in student modeling is increasing. Artificial neural networks (ANNs),…

Affective computing (AC) has been regarded as a relevant approach to identifying online learners' mental states and predicting their learning performance. Previous research mainly used one single-source data set, typically learners' facial expression, to compute learners' affection. However, a single facial expression may represent different…

Argumentative writing is a fundamental aspect of undergraduate students' academic and scientific writing related to critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, previous studies have shown that students face various difficulties with argumentative writing, such as unclear and illogical ideas, less-structured arguments, and unbalanced…

The current study aims to determine the effect of teaching a mechanic neuro-computerized course through virtual learning environments (VLE) to develop computational thinking among mathematics pre-service teachers. The neuro-computerized virtual learning environments (NCVLE) model was designed to be used to teach the mechanics course to third-year…

Estimating the flow state of students in a course allows evaluating their sentimental state and the challenges they are facing. In e-learning platforms, the evaluation of flow state is a complex task because it depends on the ability to extract the parameters that better reflect the activity and effort of students. In this scope, the current study…

Educators in higher education institutes often use statistical results obtained from their online Learning Management System (LMS) dataset, which has limitations, to evaluate student academic performance. This study differs from the current body of literature by including an additional dataset that advances the knowledge about factors affecting…