At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, representatives of the politically oppressed middle class in a politically fragmented Germany began to look to education in search for a means of emancipation, with the pedagogical concept of "Bildung" as their central focus. The attractiveness of the concept was also a…

Criticizes the adoption of business-originated Total Quality Management principles into school administration. Contrasts this with the establishment of learning communities, an approach that emphasizes engendering commitments in individuals as opposed to manipulation or control. Further outlines this approach and describes several successful…

Questions the very assumptions that teachers can identify the skills and the knowledge that students need and that learning itself is controllable. Proposes a theory of curriculum development where knowledge and the learning process exist as a co-emerging, mutual, and dynamic relationship between the students and teachers. (MJP)

Identifies and characterizes a set of conceptual frameworks that traditionally have informed home economics curricula. Proposes an emancipatory orientation towards home economics that emphasizes enlightenment and empowering the students. Uses critical theory to frame questions regarding food, shelter, clothing, physical and psychological needs.…

Identifies, depicts, and interprets the common ground between Australian radical education movements of the late 1960s and the present preoccupation with competency-based reform known as "the new vocationalism." Contends that both movements contain elements of historical nostalgia and progressive social reform. (MJP)

Suggests a reorientation within science in terms of morals, ethics, and higher values. Argues that science and science-education should encourage a deep-based relation to, and respect for, the object of study as part of a larger orientation to life. Recommends unification between objective and scientific fact. (MJP)

Describes an experimental course at an urban school that focuses on experiences of service work outside the school as well as involvement in the political and social structure within the school. Suggests ways that schools can design a curriculum that reflects on social activity as an element of community life. (MJP)