Understanding and supporting pre-service teachers' creativity in collaborative instructional design has gained increasing attention. To design novel and effective learning experiences or activities for students, they need to build empathy with students, that is, understanding students' learning needs. This study aimed to (1) explore the patterns…

The purpose of this paper was to present specific instructional objectives and learning hierarchies, which are diagrams of the organization of the skills and prerequisite accomplishments involved in a more complex, general learning outcome, that were developed for a creative problem-solving course. (Author/RK)