Examined effect of counselor verbal responses on clients' verbal behavior and on their perceptions of counselors. Affect responses were most desirable from both the counselors' and clients' perspectives. Closed questions were least desirable. Content responses and open questions were also highly effective in eliciting desirable client behavior.…

Effects of systematic desensitization and anxiety management training in reducing test anxiety and generalizing to other anxieties were compared. Both desensitization and anxiety management training produced significant reduction of text anxiety, but by follow-up, anxiety management training produced significantly more test-anxiety reduction on…

A nonverbal picture test that measures recognition of affective states was administered to American and Japanese counseling students. Results showed that females were more accurate in judging nonverbal cues than males. American subjects had a higher accuracy rate than Japanese subjects. (Author)

Effects of affective and behavioral interview styles on client environmental contingency, goal-related, action-step-related, self-reference affect, and time oriented statements were examined with 24 female subjects. Counselor interview styles differentially prepare clients to describe their behavior in specific behavioral terms and engage in goal…

Hypothesized clients would change whether counselors' interpreted symptoms as connoting negative characteristics or positive characteristics. Students in two treatment conditions decreased their depression significantly during treatment. Students receiving negative connotative interpretations experienced symptom relapse following treatment;…

Investigated the extent to which individual differences in attachment may be related to clients' perception of the working alliance. Working alliance ratings were collected from participants (n=60) immediately after their third counseling session. Found a significant association between the depend dimension of attachment and client working…