Objective: This research examined why smokers receiving combination medication for smoking cessation are more likely to quit smoking than are those who receive either single agent (monotherapy) or placebo. Method: Data were collected from 1,504 current smokers (58.2% women, 83.9% White; mean age = 44.67 years, SD = 11.08) participating in a…

This study applied the distillation and matching model to 322 randomized clinical trials for child mental health treatments. The model involved initial data reduction of 615 treatment protocol descriptions by means of a set of codes describing discrete clinical strategies, referred to as practice elements. Practice elements were then summarized in…

In this study, we measured emotional processing and the alliance across 3 phases of therapy (beginning, working, and termination) for 74 clients who each received brief experiential psychotherapy for depression. Using path analysis, we proposed and tested a model of relationships between these 2 processes across phases of therapy and how these…

Previous reviews of outpatient interventions for adolescent substance abuse have been limited in the extent to which they considered the methodological quality of individual studies. The authors assessed 31 randomized trials of outpatient interventions for adolescent substance abuse on 14 attributes of trial quality. A quality of evidence score…

Compared responses to an assertion training and a cognitive self-control treatment as a function of depressed patients' initial high versus low cognitive self-control skill. Results indicated treated subjects obtained greater depression reduction than controls. Neither cognitive nor assertion skill level predicted response to the treatments.…

Presents conceptual framework for family therapy process research that integrates new process perspective with family systems theory. Focuses on circular interaction, over time, between and within therapist and family systems/subsystems. Explains empirical implications of each framework component. Concludes with three methodological criteria for…

An analysis of successful utilization indicated interpersonal contact between potential adopters and those knowledgeable about innovations, outside consultation on the adoption process, organizational support for innovation, persistent championship by agency staff, adaptability of the innovation, and availability of credible evidence of success…

It was tentatively concluded that a therapist's orientation as measured on the "analytic experiential" dimension is independent of his A/B disposition, and that it is inappropriate to think of A therapists as socially independent nonconforming and of B therapists as socially dependent conforming. (Author/CJ)

Reviews literature concerning effective outpatient psychotherapy alternatives for adults with mental retardation. Focuses on psychodynamic, behavioral, and group psychotherapy approaches for those with dual diagnosis of mental retardation and psychological difficulties. Offers research agenda for future directions and includes model of clinical…

Measurements based on a structural analytic model of social behavior describe the three-year long psychotherapy of a single family. The model is built on two axes labeled affiliation and interdependence and appears in three planes referring to parentlike, childlike, and introjected behaviors. The model specifies logical opposites, complements, and…

Developed typology of 156 convicted driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) offenders using cluster analysis and external validation procedures. Derived typology from four variables (alcohol dependence severity, psychiatric severity, bad-driving index, social instability) selected to maximize feasibility of performing treatment matching with DWI…

Randomly assigned adults (n=212) seeking treatment for marijuana use to relapse prevention (RP) or social support (SSP) group discussion intervention. Data collected at 12 months posttreatment revealed substantial reductions in frequency of marijuana use and associated problems; no significant difference between treatments on days of marijuana…

Families (N = 86) of delinquents were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions. Results indicated that only 20 percent of families in the treatment condition had subsequent court contacts for siblings, compared to a 40 percent rate for no-treatment controls and 59 percent and 63 percent rates for the alternative treatment conditions.…

The authors examined the longitudinal relationship of patient-rated perfectionism, clinician-rated depression, and observer-rated therapeutic alliance using the latent difference score (LDS) analytic framework. Outpatients involved in the Treatment for Depression Collaborative Research Program completed measures of perfectionism and depression at…

Methods are proposed and described for estimating the degree to which relations among variables vary at the individual level. As an example, M. Fishbein and I. Ajzen's theory of reasoned action is examined. This article illustrates the use of empirical Bayes methods based on a random-effects regression model to estimate individual influences…