Background: With the rapid proliferation of online education, it is incumbent upon teachers to find ways to provide online students with science laboratory experiences. Existing research on online labs focuses heavily on computer-supported inquiry learning environments, such as virtual laboratories and remote laboratories. There are limited…

Background: Studies on the effectiveness of block-based environments continue to produce inconsistent results. A strong reason for this is that most studies compare environments that are not equivalent to each other or to the level of learners. Moreover, studies that present evidence of the effectiveness of block-based environments by comparing…

Background: Many studies have highlighted the positive effects of visual programming instruction (VPI) on students' learning experiences, programming self-efficacy and flow experience. However, there is a notable gap in the research on how these factors specifically impact programming achievement and learning intentions. Our study addresses this…

Background: ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbot, has gained significant traction as a tool for supporting students learning. Despite its growing popularity, there is still no academic consensus on its effectiveness in enhancing students' academic achievement. Objectives: This study aims to explore the effect of ChatGPT on…

Background: Zoomorphism, an obverse of conventional anthropomorphism, has been shown in many cases to be a powerful tool with respect to the metaphorical use of animals. Objectives: This study introduced zoomorphism into the instructional video design of pedagogical agents (PAs). Method: We first developed three image sets, each of which…

Background: With increased use of artificial intelligence in the classroom, there is now a need to better understand the complementarity of intelligent learning technology and teachers to produce effective instruction. Objective: The paper reviews the current research on intelligent learning technology designed to make models of student learning…

Background: The use of virtual reality (VR) in medical education allows learners to make mistakes safely without risk to patients and to refine a range of clinical skills by repetition. However, there is still wide variability both between, and within countries regarding the amount of training delivered using VR, particularly in relation to…

Background: Online videos featuring human-generated drawing are increasingly popular in education. However, their effectiveness may vary depending on learners' prior knowledge, and further research is needed to confirm their advantages over other common instructional videos. Objectives: The primary goal of this study is to investigate the impact…

Background: Environmental education is crucial for promoting pro-environmental attitudes and behavior change. However, traditional teaching methods may not effectively engage learners in environmental protection. This study aims to address the limitations of traditional teaching methods and contribute to the development of effective environmental…

Background: Collaboration is a crucial concept in learning and has the potential to foster learning. However, the fact that collaborative groups act with a common understanding in a common task brings many difficulties. Therefore, there is a need for group regulation and guidance to support effective group regulation in collaborative learning. On…

Background: This research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of online digital audio software Logic Pro X and offline audio studios in creating an original folk-style track. The goal was to define the more effective method for the perspective and quality of musical compositions that students create during learning. Objectives: This research…

Background Study: Asynchronous online discussions are vital venues for collaborative knowledge construction. However, the lack of appropriate instruction designs poses challenges in promoting deep and substantive engagement with the core subject matter. This paper explores how to enhance adult students' knowledge construction in the context of…

Background: Research on cognitive effects of educational games in general shows promising results. However, there are large variations in learning outcomes between individual educational games. Research on the design process and different design elements of educational games has led to some interesting directions, but some design aspects remain…

Background: A resurgence in teaching coding in primary school classrooms has led to a pedagogical swing towards using physical computing and coding to develop students' use of algorithms, computational thinking, and problem-solving skills. Two obstacles impede the optimal development of these objectives: the availability of a suitable pedagogy and…

Background: Students with disabilities are encouraged to achieve rigorous academic standards in science to enhance their understanding of the natural world, acquire life skills and prepare for their successful careers. Augmented reality (AR) enriches the physical world experiences benefiting all students, including those with Intellectual…