Background: Online learning has become a popular form of education. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning was mainly associated with higher education, with an incremental growth at the K-12 level. The pandemic changed this situation rapidly. Online instruction has been increasingly integrated into secondary schools and has significantly…

Background: Extensive research on massive open online courses (MOOCs) has focused on analysing learners' behavioural trace data to understand navigation and activity patterns, which are known to vary systematically across geo-cultural contexts. However, the perception of learners regarding the role of different learning design elements in…

Highly interactive and complex content within e-learning induces high levels of intrinsic load. Self-regulated effort represents one strategy that may help learners overcome such issues within e-learning. Using intrinsic load items representative of content complexity, germane load items representative of learning, and self-regulated effort items…

This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the student success associated with the "U-Pace" instructional approach, which integrates mastery-based learning with proactive instructor support in an online learning environment, would replicate for both economically disadvantaged students and students who are not economically…