Background: Multimedia learning, encapsulating both visual and verbal information, has become pivotal in educational settings, with extensive research underscoring its influence. However, a notable research gap exists concerning the application and effectiveness of multimedia learning principles, precisely segmenting, pre-training and modality,…

Background: The professional knowledge of pre-service teachers is highly important for effective and successful teaching. In recent years, many research groups have been engaged in developing simulated classroom environments to capture especially the pedagogical knowledge (PK) of pre-service teachers, neglecting the content-related facets of…

This study aimed to investigate the effects of augmented reality (AR) activities on students' academic achievement and motivation in a biology course. For this purpose, a mixed study was conducted, and a pretest and posttest control group model was used. In addition, the opinions of the experimental group students and the teacher about the AR…