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Reduced Tract Integrity of the Model for Social Communication Is a Neural Substrate of Social Communication Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Lo, Yu-Chun; Chen, Yu-Jen; Hsu, Yung-Chin; Tseng, Wen-Yih Isaac; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with social communication deficits as one of the core symptoms. Recently, a five-level model for the social communication has been proposed in which white matter tracts corresponding to each level of the model are identified. Given that the model for social communication…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Interpersonal Communication
Children with ADHD Symptoms Show Decreased Activity in Ventral Striatum during the Anticipation of Reward, Irrespective of ADHD Diagnosis
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van Hulst, Branko M.; de Zeeuw, Patrick; Bos, Dienke J.; Rijks, Yvonne; Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W.; Durston, Sarah – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017
Background: Changes in reward processing are thought to be involved in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as other developmental disorders. In addition, different forms of therapy for ADHD rely on reinforcement principles. As such, improved understanding of reward processing in ADHD could eventually lead to…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Task Analysis, Reinforcement, Therapy
Adolescents with Psychopathic Traits Report Reductions in Physiological Responses to Fear
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Marsh, Abigail A.; Finger, Elizabeth C.; Schechter, Julia C.; Jurkowitz, Ilana T. N.; Reid, Marguerite E.; Blair, R. J. R. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Psychopathy is characterized by profound affective deficits, including shallow affect and reduced empathy. Recent research suggests that these deficits may apply particularly to negative emotions, or to certain negative emotions such as fear. Despite increased focus on the cognitive and neural underpinnings of psychopathy, little is…
Descriptors: Psychopathology, Adolescents, Emotional Experience, Fear
The Hierarchical Factor Model of ADHD: Invariant across Age and National Groupings?
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Toplak, Maggie E.; Sorge, Geoff B.; Flora, David B.; Chen, Wai; Banaschewski, Tobias; Buitelaar, Jan; Ebstein, Richard; Eisenberg, Jacques; Franke, Barbara; Gill, Michael; Miranda, Ana; Oades, Robert D.; Roeyers, Herbert; Rothenberger, Aribert; Sergeant, Joseph; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Thompson, Margaret; Tannock, Rosemary; Asherson, Philip; Faraone, Stephen V. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: To examine the factor structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a clinical sample of 1,373 children and adolescents with ADHD and their 1,772 unselected siblings recruited from different countries across a large age range. Hierarchical and correlated factor analytic models were compared separately in the ADHD and…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Siblings, Factor Structure, Adolescents
The Normative Development of Emotion Regulation Strategy Use in Children and Adolescents: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study
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Gullone, Eleonora; Hughes, Elizabeth K.; King, Neville J.; Tonge, Bruce – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Emotion regulation involves intrinsic and extrinsic processes responsible for managing one's emotions toward goal accomplishment. Research on emotion regulation has predominantly focused on early developmental periods and the majority of emotion regulation research examining the pre-adult years has lacked a comprehensive theoretical…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Norms, Followup Studies, Child Development
Validating Neuropsychological Subtypes of ADHD: How Do Children "with" and "without" an Executive Function Deficit Differ?
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Lambek, Rikke; Tannock, Rosemary; Dalsgaard, Soeren; Trillingsgaard, Anegen; Damm, Dorte; Thomsen, Per Hove – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Objective: The study investigates behavioural, academic, cognitive, and motivational aspects of functioning in school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without an executive function deficit (EFD). Method: Children with ADHD - EFD (n = 22) and children with ADHD + EFD (n = 26) were compared on aspects of…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorders, Cognitive Ability, Academic Achievement
The Structure of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: Diagnostic and Phenotypic Implications
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Snow, Anne V.; Lecavalier, Luc; Houts, Carrie – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Multivariate statistics can assist in refining the nosology and diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and also contribute important information for genetic studies. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is one of the most widely used assessment instruments in the field of PDD. The current study investigated its…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Autism, Factor Structure, Factor Analysis
One Factor or Two Parallel Processes? Comorbidity and Development of Adolescent Anxiety and Depressive Disorder Symptoms
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Hale, William W., III; Raaijmakers, Quinten A. W.; Muris, Peter; van Hoof, Anne; Meeus, Wim H. J. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: This study investigates whether anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms of adolescents from the general community are best described by a model that assumes they are indicative of one general factor or by a model that assumes they are two distinct disorders with parallel growth processes. Additional analyses were conducted to explore…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Severity (of Disability), Depression (Psychology), Anxiety
Emotion Regulation Strategies in Offspring of Childhood-Onset Depressed Mothers
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Silk, Jennifer S.; Shaw, Daniel S.; Skuban, Emily M.; Oland, Alyssa A.; Kovacs, Maria – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: This study examines emotion regulation strategies used by children of mothers with childhood-onset depression (COD) and children of never-depressed mothers (NCOD). Methods: Participants were 49 COD offspring (ages 4-7) and 37 NCOD offspring (ages 4-7) and their mothers. Emotion regulation strategies were assessed observationally during…
Descriptors: Mothers, Daughters, Psychopathology, Depression (Psychology)
Discrimination of Temporal Synchrony in Intermodal Events by Children with Autism and Children with Developmental Disabilities without Autism
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Bebko, James M.; Weiss, Jonathan A.; Demark, Jenny L.; Gomez, Pamela – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: This project examined the intermodal perception of temporal synchrony in 16 young children (ages 4 to 6 years) with autism compared to a group of children without impairments matched on adaptive age, and a group of children with other developmental disabilities matched on chronological and adaptive age. Method: A preferential looking…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Stimuli, Autism, Linguistics
Deafness to Fear in Boys with Psychopathic Tendencies
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Blair, R. J. R.; Budhani, S.; Colledge, E.; Scott, S. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005
The processing of the emotional signals of others is fundamental for normal socialization and interaction. Reduced responsiveness to the expressions of sadness and fear has been implicated in the development of psychopathy (Blair, 1995). The current study investigates the ability of boys with psychopathic tendencies to process auditory affect…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Fear, Males, Deafness
The Development of Siblings of Children with Autism at 4 and 14 Months: Social Engagement, Communication, and Cognition
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Yirmiya, Nurit; Gamliel, Ifat; Pilowsky, Tammy; Feldman, Ruth; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Sigman, Marian – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Aims: To compare siblings of children with autism (SIBS-A) and siblings of children with typical development (SIBS-TD) at 4 and 14 months of age. Methods: At 4 months, mother-infant interactional synchrony during free play, infant gaze and affect during the still-face paradigm, and infant responsiveness to a name-calling paradigm were examined (n…
Descriptors: Siblings, Nonverbal Communication, Delayed Speech, Mothers
Are Numerical Impairments Syndrome Specific? Evidence from Williams Syndrome and Down's Syndrome
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Paterson, Sarah J.; Girelli, Luisa; Butterworth, Brian; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Several theorists maintain that exact number abilities rely on language-relevant processes whereas approximate number calls on visuo-spatial skills. We chose two genetic disorders, Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome, which differ in their relative abilities in verbal versus spatial skills, to examine this hypothesis. Five…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Mental Age, Age, Mental Retardation