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Direct linkCharles A. Lucy – Journal of Chemical Education, 2023
A survey of 21 free online buffer calculators and apps found only 2 that correctly calculated pH under conditions where [H[superscript +]] and [OH[superscript -]] cannot be ignored in the ratio term of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Traditional guidelines for when use of formal concentrations is acceptable were found to be flawed. For acidic…
Descriptors: Science Education, Chemistry, Calculators, Web Sites
