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Contrasting the Effects of Task Difficulty and Perceptual Load on Auditory Detection Sensitivity in Individuals with Autism
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Tillmann, Julian; Swettenham, John – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
To test a central assumption of the increased perceptual capacity account in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the effects of perceptual load and target-stimulus degradation on auditory detection sensitivity were contrasted. Fourteen adolescents with ASD and 16 neurotypical controls performed a visual letter search task under three…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Difficulty Level, Auditory Perception, Autism
Exploring the Components of Advanced Theory of Mind in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Pedreño, C.; Pousa, E.; Navarro, J. B.; Pàmias, M.; Obiols, J. E. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Performance of a group of 35 youth and adults with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) was compared with a typical developing (TD) group on three Advanced Theory of Mind tests. The distinction between the social-cognitive and social-perceptual components of Theory of Mind was also explored. The HFA group had more difficulties in all tasks. Performance…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Autism, Cognitive Tests
Does Faux Pas Detection in Adult Autism Reflect Differences in Social Cognition or Decision-Making Abilities?
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Thiébaut, Flora I.; White, Sarah J.; Walsh, Annabel; Klargaard, Solja K.; Wu, Hsuan-Chen; Rees, Geraint; Burgess, Paul W. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
43 typically-developed adults and 35 adults with ASD performed a cartoon faux pas test. Adults with ASD apparently over-detected faux pas despite good comprehension abilities, and were generally slower at responding. Signal detection analysis demonstrated that the ASD participants had significantly greater difficulty detecting whether a cartoon…
Descriptors: Autism, Adults, Decision Making Skills, Social Cognition
Preserved Self-Other Distinction during Empathy in Autism Is Linked to Network Integrity of Right Supramarginal Gyrus
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Hoffmann, Ferdinand; Koehne, Svenja; Steinbeis, Nikolaus; Dziobek, Isabel; Singer, Tania – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shows deficits in self-other distinction during theory of mind (ToM). Here we investigated whether ASD patients also show difficulties in self-other distinction during empathy and if potential deficits are linked to dysfunctional resting-state connectivity patterns. In a first study, ASD patients and controls…
Descriptors: Empathy, Autism, Integrity, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Assessing Advanced Theory of Mind in Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism: The Spanish Version of the "Stories of Everyday Life"
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Lera-Miguel, Sara; Rosa, Mireia; Puig, Olga; Kaland, Nils; Lázaro, Luisa; Castro-Formieles, Josefina; Calvo, Rosa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
Most individuals with autism spectrum disorders often fail in tasks of theory of mind (ToM). However, those with normal intellectual functioning known as high functioning ASD (HF-ASD) sometimes succeed in mentalizing inferences. Some tools have been developed to more accurately test their ToM abilities. The aims of this study were to examine the…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Severity (of Disability)
Attention Training in Autism as a Potential Approach to Improving Academic Performance: A School-Based Pilot Study
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Spaniol, Mayra Muller; Shalev, Lilach; Kossyvaki, Lila; Mevorach, Carmel – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
This study assessed the effectiveness of an attention intervention program (Computerized Progressive Attentional Training; CPAT) in improving academic performance of children with ASD. Fifteen 6-10 year olds with ASD attending a mainstream and a special school were assigned to an experimental (CPAT; n = 8) and active control (computer games; n =…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Training, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Prediction of Autism at 3 Years from Behavioural and Developmental Measures in High-Risk Infants: A Longitudinal Cross-Domain Classifier Analysis
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Bussu, G.; Jones, E. J. H.; Charman, T.; Johnson, M. H.; Buitelaar, J. K.; Baron-Cohen, S.; Bedford, R.; Bolton, P.; Blasi, A.; Chandler, S.; Cheung, C.; Davies, K.; Elsabbagh, M.; Fernandes, J.; Gammer, I.; Garwood, H.; Gliga, T.; Guiraud, J.; Hudry, K.; Liew, M.; Lloyd-Fox, S.; Maris, H.; O'Hara, L.; Pasco, G.; Pickles, A.; Ribeiro, H.; Salomone, E.; Tucker, L.; Volein, A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
We integrated multiple behavioural and developmental measures from multiple time-points using machine learning to improve early prediction of individual Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) outcome. We examined Mullen Scales of Early Learning, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and early ASD symptoms between 8 and 36 months in high-risk siblings (HR; n…
Descriptors: Prediction, Autism, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Classification
Broad Cognitive Profile in Children and Adolescents with HF-ASD and in Their Siblings: Widespread Underperformance and Its Clinical and Adaptive Correlates
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Rosa, Mireia; Puig, Olga; Lázaro, Luisa; Vallés, Virginia; Lera, Sara; Sánchez-Gistau, Vanesa; Calvo, Rosa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Despite evidence supporting the presence of cognitive deficits in children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD), the nature of these deficits and their clinical and adaptive correlates remain unclear. Moreover, there are few cognitive studies of ASD siblings as a high risk population. We compared 50 children and…
Descriptors: Correlation, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Siblings
Is Grammar Spared in Autism Spectrum Disorder? Data from Judgments of Verb Argument Structure Overgeneralization Errors
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Ambridge, Ben; Bannard, Colin; Jackson, Georgina H. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) aged 11-13 (N = 16) and an IQ-matched typically developing (TD) group aged 7-12 (N = 16) completed a graded grammaticality judgment task, as well as a standardized test of cognitive function. In a departure from previous studies, the judgment task involved verb argument structure overgeneralization…
Descriptors: Grammar, Task Analysis, Decision Making, Autism
Functional Neuroimaging of Social and Nonsocial Cognitive Control in Autism
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Sabatino, Antoinette; Rittenberg, Alison; Sasson, Noah J.; Turner-Brown, Lauren; Bodfish, James W.; Dichter, Gabriel S. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2013
This study investigated cognitive control of social and nonsocial information in autism using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and a neurotypical control group completed an oddball target detection task where target stimuli were either faces or nonsocial objects previously shown to be related…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Control Groups
Stop and Change: Inhibition and Flexibility Skills Are Related to Repetitive Behavior in Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Mostert-Kerckhoffs, Mandy A.; Staal, Wouter G.; Houben, Renske H.; de Jonge, Maretha V. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
Cognitive control dysfunctions, like inhibitory and attentional flexibility deficits are assumed to underlie repetitive behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the present study, prepotent response inhibition and attentional flexibility were examined in 64 high-functioning individuals with ASD and 53 control participants.…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Attention, Cognitive Ability, Neurological Impairments
Cognitive, Adaptive, and Psychosocial Differences between High Ability Youth with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Doobay, Alissa F.; Foley-Nicpon, Megan; Ali, Saba R.; Assouline, Susan G. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
Research on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is thriving; however, scant empirical research has investigated how ASD manifests in high ability youth. Further research is necessary to accurately differentiate high ability students with ASD from those without the disorder, and thus decrease the risk of misdiagnosis. The purpose of the present study is…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Cognitive Ability, Comparative Analysis
Responding to Other People's Direct Gaze: Alterations in Gaze Behavior in Infants at Risk for Autism Occur on Very Short Timescales
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Nyström, Pär; Bölte, Sven; Falck-Ytter, Terje; Achermann, Sheila; Andersson Konke, Linn; Brocki, Karin; Cauvet, Elodie; Gredebäck, Gustaf; Lundin Kleberg, Johan; Nilsson Jobs, Elisabeth; Thorup, Emilia; Zander, Eric – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Atypical gaze processing has been reported in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here we explored how infants at risk for ASD respond behaviorally to others' direct gaze. We assessed 10-month-olds with a sibling with ASD (high risk group; n = 61) and a control group (n = 18) during interaction with an adult. Eye-tracking revealed less…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Infants, Siblings, Autism
Is the Ability to Integrate Parts into Wholes Affected in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
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Olu-Lafe, Olufemi; Liederman, Jacqueline; Tager-Flusberg, Helen – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
There is considerable debate about whether people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are biased toward local information and whether this disrupts their ability to integrate two complex shapes elements into a single figure. Moreover, few have examined the relationship between integration ability and ASD symptom severity. Adolescent/adult males…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Cognitive Ability, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Brief Report: Impaired Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) in School-Age Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Yerys, Benjamin E.; Wolff, Brian C.; Moody, Eric; Pennington, Bruce F.; Hepburn, Susan L. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
Cognitive flexibility has been measured with inductive reasoning or explicit rule tasks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The "Flexible Item Selection Task" (FIST) differs from previous cognitive flexibility tasks in ASD research by giving children an abstract, ambiguous rule to switch. The ASD group (N = 22; Mean age = 8.28…
Descriptors: Evidence, Control Groups, Mental Age, Autism
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