The current study presents a method for assessing the relative effects of attention and escape on noncompliance in preschoolers. Attention and escape conditions were alternated in a multielement design, and a contingency reversal procedure, in which one test condition served as a control for the other, was used to demonstrate control. For all 3…

Three participants whose problem behavior was maintained by contingent attention were exposed to 45-min presessions in which attention was withheld, provided on a fixed-time (FT) 15-s schedule, or provided on an FT 120-s schedule. Following each presession, participants were then tested in a 15-min session similar to the social attention condition…

Eighteen low-income, socially isolated mother-child dyads were referred for psychological help because of the children's oppositional behaviors and the mothers' aversive reactions to the children. Findings were taken to suggest that a mother's extrafamily social contacts may influence her child interaction patterns at home. (Author)

This paper argues that schools are not the means by which diverse societal ills can be cured, but schools should be considered the dependent measure for assessing behavioral applications for social change. The concept of child services centers is proposed, providing parent education, community development, emergency care, health care, nutritional…

Illegal parking in spaces reserved for people with physical disabilities was examined across three conditions: a vertical sign alone or in combination with a message sign announcing public surveillance or a message device dispensing reminder notes and announcing community involvement. Messages increasing expectation of negative social consequences…