This article provides teachers with a toolkit for assessing students in the context of data-based individualization (DBI) in mathematics. Assessing students is a critical component of DBI because it provides teachers with information about what they may need to modify in their instructional programs. In this article, we provide teachers with…

This article describes a framework that allows teachers in inclusive elementary settings to interweave instructional strategies from a variety of paradigms to meet individual learning needs in inclusive mathematics classes. Factors to be considered are highlighted and an instructional continuum from more teacher-centered strategies to more…

This paper reviews literature on individualized math instructional techniques with students who have learning disabilities and suggests application strategies for resource teachers and mainstream teachers of low-achieving math students. Techniques described include reinforcement, demonstration plus permanent model, goal setting, and…