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Emotional-Behavioral Resilience among Children of First-Time Mothers with and without Depression across the Early Childhood Period
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Giallo, Rebecca; Gartland, Deirdre; Woolhouse, Hannah; Mensah, Fiona; Westrupp, Elizabeth; Nicholson, Jan; Brown, Stephanie – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2018
The deleterious effects of maternal depression on child emotional and behavioral development are well documented, yet many children exposed to maternal depression experience positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial factors associated with the emotional-behavioral resilience of four-year-old children of first-time…
Descriptors: Resilience (Psychology), Preschool Children, Mothers, Depression (Psychology)
Determining Directional Dependency in Causal Associations
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Pornprasertmanit, Sunthud; Little, Todd D. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2012
Directional dependency is a method to determine the likely causal direction of effect between two variables. This article aims to critique and improve upon the use of directional dependency as a technique to infer causal associations. We comment on several issues raised by von Eye and DeShon (2012), including: encouraging the use of the signs of…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Predictor Variables, Regression (Statistics), Evaluation