Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been widely used in the field of education, and artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) has gained increasing attention. However, no quantitative meta-analysis has been conducted on the overall effectiveness of AI on learning achievement and learning perception. To close this research…

Online scientific argumentation activities have significant value for students' cognitive ability. The purpose of this study was to solve the issues of online scientific argumentation. Firstly, the influences of online scientific argumentation were classified into "Learn to Argue" and "Argue to Learn" abilities. And then the…