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Direct linkChristine Ting-Yu Yang; Shu-Li Lai; Howard Hao-Jan Chen – Interactive Learning Environments, 2024
Research has revealed the positive impact of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) on L2 learners' oral development and learning attitude. These studies, however, focused mostly on the in-class use of IPAs, with existing research on the out-of-class use being exploratory. To fill the gap of lacking empirical investigations on IPA-based autonomous…
Descriptors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Second Language Learning, Influence of Technology, Personal Autonomy
