Disparities between European countries and the U.S. in terms of incidence and prevalence of mild mental retardation have become apparent. A model of intellectual performance that might explain disparities and predict future levels of occurrence of mild mental retardation is presented. Such explanations are relevant for theory and policy decisions.…

Ramey and Haskins report two findings of major importance: absence of decline in test scores and absence of mother-child correlation for treated children. Implications of these findings are discussed. (Author)

Results from the Colorado Adoption Project, a longitudinal study initiated in 1975, are reported. The cognitive ability of parents and measures of one-year olds' mental development were significantly correlated for all three parent/child comparisons. Caldwell's HOME Responsibility measure was correlated with infant intelligence in adoptive and…

Extensive data on twins, nontwin siblings, siblings separated by adoption, and parent-child similarity indicate that the heritability of intelligence is closer to .50 than to .70. Differences could be due to environmental or genetic changes in the population, or to methodology. (Author/CP)

Asian-American, White, and Black Children in grades 2-6 were tested for intelligence, achievement, and short-term memory. Factor analysis yielded two main factors: memory and general intelligence. The three groups differed distinctly at every grade level. Achievement correlated more with memory than with general intelligence. (Author/CP)

Children, below- and above-average intelligence, were administered tasks involving matching information between auditory/visual modalities and temporal/spatial presentations. The below-average group made more errors and matching problems were not particular to one modality. Factor analyses did suggest that matching processes varied with level of…

Relationships between cognitive and social-cognitive characteristics of group members and group performance were assessed, using 96 adults. A method for conceptualizing and modeling group performance is presented. People working in newly formed small groups on written problems emphasizing divergent/creative solutions generally produce…

Inspection time (IT) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) scores from 75 school children aged 6-13 years in 2001 were compared with the performances of 70 children aged 6-13 years who had attended the same primary school in 1981 ["J. Exp. Child Psychol." 40 (1985) 1.]. ITs for the 2001 sample were measured with the same four-field…

Jensen (1985) caused us to reexamine earlier findings. After correcting perceptual efficiency and executive systems measures for unreliability, original conclusions remain tenable. Control processes are factors in understanding race-related differences in intelligence. We do not deny the association of "speediness" but argue for a multidimensional…

Wolff has recently reinterpreted the data of Lee to indicate that Black migration from the south to Philadelphia had been selective in an IQ-relevant manner. However, Wolff's deduction from Lee's data is shown to depend entirely upon an assumption about cumulative IQ deficit in southern Black children. (Author/CTM)

Kamin has contended that arguments presented in Wolff are too weak to justify selective migration. Although Kamin's critique points up the need for closer scrutiny of the cumulative-deficit phenomenon, it fails to refute Wolff's conclusion that selective migration is partly responsible for the North-South Black IQ differential. (Author/CTM)

Change in cognitive functioning is an important aspect of human aging and a key outcome in many medical conditions. However, cognitive change can rarely be measured directly, since prior cognitive data do not exist for most people. We examined the criterion validity and one-year stability of the difference between National Adult Reading Test…

This study of individual differences in performance of a geometric analogies task included four-alternative test items and studied eye movements and confidence judgments as well as latency and error. Results were interpreted using two hypothesized performance strategies: constructive matching and response elimination. (Author/BW)

Separate dimensions of infant cognition were compared with parental general- and specific-cognitive abilities for 182 adoptive and 164 nonadoptive families. More parent-offspring resemblance was present when 24- rather than 12-month Bayley factors were used. Bayley factors were more related to parental g than to specific abilities. (Author/RD)

Genetic influence was estimated on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children subtests from inbreeding depression scores calculated on cousin marriages in Japan (n=1,854 children) and correlated with American Black-White racial differences. The genetic contribution of racial differences in cognitive performance may be more robust than was previously…