An approach to intelligence which emphasizes domain-specific constraints on knowledge structures is compared to information processing approaches. The evaluation of any cognitive ability as being intelligent crucially depends on prior specification of the formal constraints on the domains of knowledge from which that ability originates. (Author/RD)

R. Herrnstein and C. Murray, in "The Bell Curve," stated six propositions concerning a "g" factor of intelligence. These propositions are found to be reasonably well supported in the scientific literature. These conclusions can be reached whether or not one accepts Herrnstein and Murray's claims about the social significance of…

Detection differences between 16 mildly mentally retarded and 14 nonretarded students aged about 16 years were studied via the presentation of high, intermediate, and low stimulus organizations of target and distractor stimuli. Implications for explaining intelligence-related differences across a range of tasks are discussed. (SLD)

The assumption that a singular biological resource pool embedded in the central nervous system results in differences in macrolevel outcomes because of the constraints it imposes on efficiencies of microlevel processing is refuted. Moderating effects on the causal pathways between microlevel and macrolevel performance are discussed. (SLD)

The purpose of this study is threefold. First, an estimate of state IQ is derived and its strengths and limitations are considered. To that end, an indicator of downward bias in estimating state IQ is provided. Two preliminary causal models are offered that predict state IQ. These models were found to be highly predictive of state IQ, yielding…

It is unclear whether brain mechanisms underlying human intelligence are distributed throughout the brain or mainly concentrated in the frontal lobes. Data are inconsistent possibly due, at least in part, to the different ways the construct of intelligence is measured. Here we apply the method of correlated vectors to determine how the general…

A number of studies in the United States have found that Jews obtain higher average IQs than white gentiles. This paper examines whether this is also the case in Britain. Three early studies are summarized that found that Jews in Britain have mean IQs in the range of 110-113. New data are presented for two nationally representative samples of 7-16…

It has been suggested that IQ's of gifted children resemble parents less than do people in general. This finding may have been an artifact of the particular estimator of the regression coefficient used. An unbiased estimator is introduced and shows that gifted children resemble parents more than persons in general. (Author/RD)

The Ramey and Haskins intervention experiment is examined. Narrow transfer of training from cognitive intervention techniques to IQ test performance in early childhood, rather than enhancement of the g factor itself, is hypothesized as a cause of the typical fadeout of early IQ gains in later childhood. (Author/RD)

This article examines the potential contribution of latent trait models to the study of intelligence. Nontechnical introductions to both unidimensional and multidimensional latent trait models are given. Multidimensional latent trait models can be used to test alternative multiple component theories of test item processing. (Author/CTM)

We aimed to design alternative estimates of pre-morbid/prior intelligence to the National Adult Reading Test (NART) and the Spot-the-Word (STW) in order to tap non-vocabulary based knowledge stores. The rationale for the development of the new tests was that more cognitively able individuals acquire and retain more "singular facts" from their…

Mentally retarded individuals have more difficulty dealing with strategic games and puzzles than other tasks. Games have been played since ancient times and throughout the world, with performance indicating wisdom. Games invariably express certain universal intellectual traits. Mancala and Three in a Row games are briefly described. (Author/RD)

In studies of the relationship between masculinity-femininity and intelligence, data should be analyzed using correlational analysis for the complete distribution, rather than analysis of variance of extreme groups. The earlier work of Baucom and Welsh (EJ 171 822) was used as illustration. (BW)

Humphreys' criticisms (TM 503 269) of the work of Welsh and Baucom (EJ 171 822) are inappropriate since his findings are based upon a different measure of masculinity-femininity and a population which is somewhat different. Also, his insistence on correlational analysis to the exclusion of extreme group design is viewed as inappropriately…

Borkowski and Krause (1983) concluded that the locus of black-white intelligence differences lies in metaprocesses not elementary cognitive processes. However, some variables were difference scores with unacceptably low reliability. Magnitude comparisons of racial differences give a different picture of results; comparable differences in measures…